Complementary Medicines - A Perplexing Pharmaceutical Product Essay

There is no place for the supply of vitamins or complimentary medicines in pharmacy. Most complementary medicines lack clinical trials that conclusively prove their efficacy. For pharmacists, considered as drug therapy experts within the community, their supply from a pharmacy presents a serious ethical dilemma, as it is would be unwise to recommend an unproven treatment. It has been reported that this is further compounded by a lack of clear information on the status of the body of evidence for the support of specific complementary medicines. However, there is evidence to suggest that not only can complementary medicines work, but also that the use of complementary medicines is on the increase. This essay aims to review some of the reasons for the use of consumer demand for complementary medicine. Once this has been established, the ethics of the supply of complementary medicines will be examined in detail, concluding with a remark regarding the appropriateness of their supply by a pharmacist within a pharmacy. Within this essay, the term ‘complementary ’ medicines will be intended to include â€Å"herbal medicines, traditional medicines, vitamins and minerals, nutritional supplements, homeopathic medicines and aromatherapy products† as defined by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (REF:TGA). Complementary medicine use has become wide spread, and by all accounts, consumer demand is increasing further. A 2004 representative population survey conducted within Australia revealed that 52% of Australians had used a complementary medicine within the last twelve months (REF:6). (REF:2) reports that consumers reasons for accessing complementary medicines are several and varied, and includes those without ready access to conv... ...quire proof of efficacy and therefore their efficacy has not been established. The belief held by about half of the Australian public that the government tests complementary medicines for efficacy is incorrect. This creates a problem for health care professionals because a risk-benefit profile can not be established, and so consequently they are unable to recommend an unproven complementary medicine. Lack of efficacy also creates ethical challenges for their supply as the community perceives pharmacists as evidence-based experts on drug therapy, but for the majority of complementary medicines this evidence does not exist. Therefore, it can only be concluded that there is no place for the supply of complementary medicines in pharmacy. (REF:5) summaries this position well, â€Å"when proof of efficacy is lacking, any risk, no matter how remote, is too much to bear†.

Melting Point Lab OC

The bob]active of the Melting Point Lab was to learn the technique of melting point determination. Also, to discover the identity of an unknown compound from using the mixed melting point method. Introduction: The range of temperatures between the temperature at which the first crystal Just stats to melt and the temperature at which the last crystal disappears Is known as a melting point. There are two many reasons that melting points provided us. The first purpose is to regulate the purity off substance.And the second purpose is to determine the identity off material. Melting points are frequently used to establish f the correct compound has been acquired. When performed correctly, the precision of any melting point should be +ICC when related to the literature values; allowing for variations In the PM due to experimental error. A mixed compound can also be supported. A mixed melting point is one were a compound is mixed with additional substance and the PM determined. If the sample s melt at the same time, resulting that the samples are identical.However, if the samples are not the same, the mixture will melt below the +30 C allowed error range and over a wider range (greater than 30 C). This Is the technique that Is used o determine the unknown compound in this laboratory While performing this lab, there are two principle sources of experimental error in determining melting points. Thermometer error is one, and this is a source of error one cannot control. As a result, this is not usually worried about. Human error is the other error than can happen.Human error Is mostly mechanical error that is direct result of how one does things. An error specific to the Melting Point Lab Is the packing of the capillary tube. If too much solid Is placed In the tube, It will take a very long time to melt, resulting in higher temperatures recorded. Leading one to â€Å"false range†, as a result lead one to the incorrect conclusion about the melting point and purity. T he second source of mechanical error that can be seen in this laboratory is rate heating. If too much heat Is applied, the mercury rises quickly, again giving a false range.Set the Mel-Temp to heat up to a temperature below the melting points of both compounds and to heat up at what ever interval works best for the experiment (60 degrees C) and an interval of 10 degrees a minute was recommended) D. Once the Mel-Temp has reached the temperature you set place the tube containing the vanilla in the middle slot of the machine E. Record the temperature at the first sight of liquid and again when the compound is completely melted F. Repeat the same procedure for the aspirin and the 50:50 mix Ill.Procedure of Part Two A. Obtain an unknown substance (substance B) B. Pack a capillary tube with the unknown substance and place it in the Mel-Temp machine. Following the same procedure as you did with the vanilla, aspirin, and 50:50 mix; recording the temperature at the first appearance of liquid and once the compound has completely melted C. Once the melting point has been found (114 degrees C), refer to the chart provided in the lab manual to see what the possibilities or the unknown compound are (Actinide or Fluorine) D.Choose one of the possible compounds to repeat the experiment with the chosen compound and a 50:50 mix of the known and unknown (Fluorine) E. If the melting point of all three tubes is the same you chose the correct compound, if the melting point was significantly lower it was the other compound that was listed as an option Results and Conclusion: The substance we obtained was Unknown B. After packing a melting point tube with Unknown B, we determined the melting point by placing the capillary tube in the Mel-Temp. Unknown Bi's melting point was 114 C.From the list of possible unknown compounds, we looked at the initial melting point, which was 114 C and choose to mix it with Fluorine, whose melting point was also 114 C. After performing a 50:50 mixture o f the unknown and known compounds, we were able to define that unknown B was Actinide. We were able to establish this because after mixing the unknown and the known, the melting point was lower, 98 C. Since the melting point was lower, we were able to conclude that two compounds were mixed; as a result unknown B was Actinide.

Vulnerability of the Mentally Ill - 1264 Words

Vulnerability of the Mentally Ill Eva Morris American Sentinel University Vulnerability of the Mentally Ill Evaluation and treatment of the mentally ill population has developed from confinement of the mad during colonial times, into the biomedical balancing of neurological impairment seen in these modern times. There were eras of mental health reform, medicalization, and deinstitutionalization sandwiched in between (Nies amp; McEwen, 2011). Regardless of the stage of understanding and development, communities have not been completely successful in dealing with and treating persons who are mentally unwell. Fortunately, treatment has become more compassionate; social and professional attitudes have morphed into more humanistic and†¦show more content†¦The piece of this health reform act related to mental health stipulates that there be state laws mandating or regulating mental health benefits (NCSL, 2012). This author has found no literature that indicates the effectiveness of the PPACA. Perhaps it is too early to determine the success or failure of the PPACA. At the state level, the Department of Health and Hospitals of the State of Louisiana (DHH) is the primary policy maker and provisionary for mental health care. The DHH sponsors a highly effective Office of Behavioral Health, which supports mental health programs and treatment facilities for Louisiana residents with mental disabilities. The programs provide crisis intervention, psychosocial rehabilitation, and family support services, as well as 3 inpatient treatment facilities. Healthy People 2020 Objectives The Healthy People 2020 initiative is a government-sponsored program designed to use science-based, 10-year national objectives to improve the health of all Americans. Healthy People 2020 encourages collaboration across communities, empowers individuals to make informed health decisions, and measures the impact on health of these activities (2020, 2013). The goals of 2020 related to mental illness are to improve mental health by assuring access to quality mental health services, to reduce the suicide rate, to increase the number of homeless persons who need and also receive mental health services, to reduce the numberShow MoreRelatedJudith Butler Is Still Alive Today1282 Words   |  6 Pagesobligated to others. Throughout Precarious Life, Butler discusses issues of vulnerability and violence, relationships between autonomy and with political and legal powers, and how the definition of terms relates to ethics. Butler starts off Precarious Life by discussing vulnerability and the issues that surround it. She wants to redefine the â€Å"Human† as a site of interdependency. One way that we experience vulnerability is through loss. We see loss as beneficial for a several reasons. When we experienceRead MoreMental Illness And Crime Is Vulnerability928 Words   |  4 Pageswithin a week, a day, a month and when they re back at that same place where they are stood at the top of that building they wont trust anyone else.† Another theme which ties a link between mental illness and crime is vulnerability. After speaking with a few officers, vulnerability and low state of mind was an occurring issue which influenced people to commit crimes. Sgt Haworth went on to describe his own interpretation of what mental illness is through his own experiences. â€Å"mental illness isRead MoreTwo Vulnerable Populations and Two Nursing Theories Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesFrom a healthcare perspective we see vulnerability as a person’s susceptibility to disease, whether that disease is from a mental, physical, or sociological standpoint. 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These are all the factor that determines ones vulnerability. African American women diagnosed with depression are considered vulnerable because they are at a greater risk for developing health problems (Aday, 2001). The World Health Organization (WHO) also defines Vulnerability as â€Å"the degree to which a population, individual or organization is unable to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impactsRead MoreDepression: A Mental Illness801 Words   |  3 PagesDepression Depression has been apprehended as an ailment for thousands of years and has been studied by multiple people throughout them. The Egyptians wrote of the problem and has even created a temple that seems to be used as almost a hospital for the mentally sick. The Ancient Greeks and Romans also recognized the idea of depression. In the 1500s they described it as a deep sadness. The Ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians saw depression as a curse. They blamed angry and troublemaking Gods for the illness

Teamwork Free Essay Example, 1000 words

This may occur for a variety of reasons as the cohesive team become complacent or there may be too much socialization within the team. If such a situation occurs the management of a company must confront the problem by applying different techniques to remedy the situation. Among the alternative strategies that can be used to reduce cohesion are: increasing team size, placing team restrictions, rewarding individual results, and making arrangement so that team interacts with other teams in different work scenarios (Schermerhorn, et al. , p. 203). Despite the possibility of cohesiveness having a negative impact on a group, the more likely outcome is that cohesiveness will improve the performance of workers. In the corporate world managers are faced with team setting in which cohesiveness is not present. The manager or leader of an organization are the people responsible for the performance of their subordinates and are the ones that must find way to increase cohesiveness within team settings. There are several techniques that can be utilized to improve team cohesiveness. A simple tactic that can be utilized is to decrease the size of the team. We will write a custom essay sample on Teamwork or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Another way to increase team cohesiveness is to isolate the team members from having contact with other employees during work hours. An informal strategy a manager can utilize to increase team cohesiveness is creating activities outside the workplace in which the team member can participate and enjoy time together without the presence of work pressures. In order to emphasis the importance of teamwork a company can have incentive system the rewards the employee based on the performance of the team. Cohesiveness is important attribute that team should strive to achieve. Based on the literature on the subject it is my opinion that cohesiveness definitely is a factor that improves the work performance of team. When I had participated in team setting either at work or in school I’ve noticed that when there is cohesiveness among a group things get done faster and the final results and performance of the teams are much better than in situation where there was a lack of cohesiveness. Part II Life is a journey in which people are able to achieve greater things when they realized efforts with the assistance of other human beings. This premise is true in the business where teamwork has become the norm in organization across the world. Teamwork is a cooperative effort by the members of a group or team to achieve a common goal (Answers, 2009).

A Broken System Mental Health Care Reform - 2769 Words

Elizabeth Reddington Dr. Goodman English 101 4 December 2014 Fixing a Broken System: Mental Health Care Reform Mental health care in the United States is in an abysmal state, and yet the government hasn’t take action to fix it. Individuals suffering from serious mental illness are more likely to be incarcerated than to be receiving care in a psychiatric hospital. Perpetrators of mass shootings are often suffering from mental illness, and don’t receive help despite many warning signs. Homeless people are often suffering from mental illness, and many are â€Å"frequent flyers,† going in and out of prison often. Americans need to take a stand and let our government know that mental health care needs to be a priority. It is in the best interest†¦show more content†¦Helping those battling serious mental illness is not just an issue of humanity; reform will make the mental health system more effective and cost-efficient. Rep. Tim Murphy’s bill is called the Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act. It has bee n a rather controversial bill, but also has bipartisan support. Mental health professionals are also torn on the bill; some believe it will intrude on patient rights, while others believe it provides necessary changes that will help those with serious mental illness. The most controversial aspects of the bill, as described in the Huffington Post, are the reforms to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) regulations, and probably the most controversial are AOT laws, or Assisted Outpatient Treatment laws. The projected changes to SAMHSA, are controversial because many believe they are not necessary, but others argue that SAMHSA is not effectively caring for those with serious mental illnesses, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The bill would also make some exceptions of HIPAA and FERPA that would allow mental health care pro viders to share more information with the families of patients. Obviously, these are controversial because of privacy issues and patient rights, but they would help patients receive better care by involving their families in treatment.

Forbes reports Free Essays

The self-declared diva and her rapper spouse, who, Forbes reports, together earned more than $70 million in 2011, leased the 11-section of land property for $400,000, as per the New York Post, only for one month. The New York Post likewise reported that the rapper used $600,000 on a robust gold, carefully assembled stallion from Japanese gem specialist Gina Tanana for Blue VIVO’, when she as conceived, and Beyond © and Jay-Z supposedly used $1. 5 million on blessings for their now 2-year-old child (Amethyst Tate – International Business Times). We will write a custom essay sample on Forbes reports or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the tour comes to an end, the super stardom couples are still proactively working and adhering to the needs of their many fans. Bayonne is due to return to the studio to begin working on her fifth studio recording album. As it relates, this upcoming album will not be release secretly as the self titled album BAYONNE was released during the beginning of 2014, which shocked the entire nation. Jay Z is also scheduling his next Naughty By Nature, Biggie Smalls and Outpace Shakier. This album is said to be one of the greatest Hip Hop collaboration ever to embrace entertainment, says Hip Hop weekly reporter. The above mentioned premises clearly points out a successful and happy marriage. As we are fully aware, this power couple is one of the most exclusive couples on the face of the earth. Bayonne managed to hide her pregnancy from the world until the day of birth of her daughter. The couple secretly invited some of the world’s elite to their exclusive wedding ceremony at Jay G’s New York apartment without anyone being made aware of this harmonious event but those invited. This Ewing said, this exclusive and very careful couple are serious about concealing their lives from the public. Just like any natural human being, their business should be their business. In sum, the writer of this original inductive argument proves no point of this rumored possibility. As it relates, inductive arguments are developed though causal arguments, generalizations, and arguments by analogy which are presented in inductive argument forms. This reporter is clearly displaying the ad hoc fallacies as described from the informal logical fallacies family, as he presents an argument due to the circumstances of the two super stars. To present this statement to be true, the writer points out Bayonne, changing the lyrics to one of her beautiful but extremely depressing (in themed) ballads are actually the smoke signals representing the â€Å"truth† to this rumor. This article is extremely week as it relates only on assumptions. There are no presented hard pieces of evidences which points out that in fact, Bayonne and Jay Z will be soon divorcing upon the completion of their current â€Å"On The Run† tour. The authors inductive arguments are build solely on a foundation of rumors, paparazzi, internet blobs and social medial. How to cite Forbes reports, Papers

The Issue Of College Tuition Essay Example For Students

The Issue Of College Tuition Essay One of the hot topics of debate going on in the U.S. today that presidential candidates are talking about is college tuition. Some have revealed their proposals to American citizens on how they would tackle the issue of tuition. The question is which one of the many proposals will work and limit the amount of people who don’t go to college and give them a reason to go. The tuition issue is not a case by case problem, but a national problem. While there are some who have the opportunity to attend college others are not as fortunate. But everyone can have a part in shaping the future for many generations to come. The objective is to find a way to make what some would call â€Å"college free†to everyone. How were we able to find a way to make public schools from K-12 free to every American, but can’t find a way to tackle the college tuition issue. Whether you are a parent, high school grad, or someone who just want to get a degree, you should not have to stress and work 3 jobs to be able to afford a college education. America has the money to constantly pour in so many different programs for various issues, but not for higher education where we all can attend. How can the next generation be able to tackle the issues that will occur in the U.S. or the world if most of the population is not educated enough to come up with solutions for our problems. There are always two sides to an argument and when it comes to free college one side says tuition should be free, while the other side says tuition should not be free. While most people want college to be free, the U. S. should not make tuition free for all citizens. There are a number of reasons like taxing families who already have it hard, quality in education, rationing, and if people see . .on will lower which is a possibility, but the three California schools have proved otherwise. I think that making colleges free would actually make them more competitive with one another in conniving students to come to their school. These examples show why college should be free and how people who worry shouldn’t. When looking at both sides of the argument for why college should be free and why tuition should not be free, I found myself almost changing my stance on free college for all.Regardless of how the country finds the money to fund free higher education for all people who want to get a degree it needs to happen. People have to understand that yes, this won t fix all our problems, but with the rise of tuition and jobs asking for more, I feel like we owe it to the next generation the right to a free college education even if it s only for the first two year.